The conveying method of the rubber conveyor belt depends on the conveying capacity of the conveyor belt and will be restricted by terrain and environmental protection conditions. It is the prerequisite for determining the carcass material, structure, safety factor, and conveyor belt length for heavy-duty rubber conveyor belts. The rubber conveyor belt has the characteristics of heat-resistant belt, wear-resistant belt, fire-resistant belt, oil-resistant belt, alkali-resistant belt, acid-resistant belt, heat-resistant belt, and cold-resistant belt. It is mainly used for the transportation of solid materials in various mining, metallurgy, steel, coal, hydropower, building materials, chemical, food, and other enterprises.
Selection of carcass material and structure of rubber conveyor belt:
The performance of the conveyor belt is closely related to the material, structure, and number of layers of the belt core. The multi-layer cotton canvas belt has low strength, many layers, is not fatigue resistant, easy to mold, heavy-weight, and high energy consumption;
Nylon belts have high strength, great elasticity, lightweight, good impact resistance and bending resistance, good trough forming performance, mildew resistance, water resistance, and other properties that are better than cotton canvas conveyor belts. The disadvantage is that the elongation is large. When the tensioning stroke can be set to be longer, the nylon rubber belt can be preferred;
The strength of the polyester belt is similar to that of nylon. It has all the advantages of a nylon conveyor belt. Its elastic modulus is higher than nylon, its elongation is small, and its dimension is stable. It is an ideal transportation belt commonly used in industry.
The steel cord conveyor belt has high strength, good trough ability, small elongation, and short tensioning stroke. It is especially suitable for the transportation requirements of large transportation volume, high belt speed, and long-distance.
From the structural point of view, the rubber conveyor belt is mainly composed of three parts: carcass material, cover layer, and skim rubber material. The covering layer is a key part that determines its performance and use. According to the different materials used in the cover layer, the conveyor belt industry can be divided into two categories: heavy conveyor belts and light conveyor belts. The former uses rubber (including natural rubber and synthetic rubber) as the main raw material, so it is also called rubber conveyor belts. The scope is concentrated in the fields of heavy industry and infrastructure construction; the latter mainly uses polymer materials, which are mainly used in light industries such as food and electronics.
Cover rubber selection:
The choice of cover layer includes covering material, surface morphology, and thickness. The main components of the covering layer are various rubbers and plastics. Since the properties of various rubbers vary greatly, such as natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber have good abrasion resistance, ethylene-propylene rubber is particularly heat-resistant, but cyanide rubber has good oil resistance, and propylene butyl rubber is both heat-resistant and oxidation-resistant. Therefore, the choice of the type of covering material must be comprehensively considered according to the types of commonly used conveying materials, operating conditions, and working environment.
Besides, the increase in the thickness of the covering layer is also conducive to improving the impact resistance and abrasion resistance of the rubber conveyor belt. Especially nowadays, the cotton canvas belt core has been replaced by a synthetic fiber fabric belt core. The performance of the belt core has been greatly improved, while the thickness is relatively reduced. To improve the overall performance of the belt, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the covering layer to give full play to its advantages and increase the service life of the conveyor belt. However, if the lower covering layer is too thick, the running resistance of the conveyor belt will increase. Points need attention.