During the operation of the belt conveyor, some materials or dust will inevitably adhere to the surface of the conveyor belt and cannot be completely discharged by the discharge device. Then, we need the cleaner to sweep these adhered materials.
But in the process of operation, we sometimes find that the cleaner can’t sweep the material cleanly and the material is carried on the return journey.
The following introduces the role of cleaner, classification, and the reason for unclean sweeping.
The role of cleaner
The cleaner is a kind of belt conveyor’s cleaning device for sticky and lumpy materials. The main function of cleaner is that it can reduce the excessive wear of conveyor belts and reduce energy consumption.
- to keep the conveyor belt clean, to ensure the belt has enough friction on the drive pulley, to prevent the belt from slipping and running off.
- Effectively reduce the wear of sticky and larger materials on the conveyor belt and rollers, and effectively extend the service life of the conveyor belt and rollers.
- to ensure the smooth running of the conveyor belt, without jumping up and down and tearing the belt.
- With the reduction of sticky materials, it plays effective protection to the bearing rollers, brackets, transmission rollers, redirecting rollers, etc., which ensures normal operation and reduces the maintenance of conveying equipment.
Category of cleaner
The cleaner of the belt conveyor can be roughly divided into three parts: head cleaner, middle cleaner, and tail cleaner. They have a different division of duties and roles.
Head cleaner
Head sweeper is used for return belt cleaning, this sweeper is matched with belt machine, matching with heavy hammer tensioning or spring tensioning.
Quantity: 1 set for ordinary belt machine, 2 sets for powerful belt machine.
Cleaning media: common belt machine uses rubber strip, strong belt machine uses alloy or polyurethane.
Middle cleaner
It is also used to clean the non-working surface of the belt so that the material stuck on the bottom belt surface can be transferred to the lower rollers and redirect the pulley as little as possible.
Installation position: within 5m behind the discharge point in the middle of the belt, or 2/3 of the belt machine body (from the head).
Quantity: at least 1 for ordinary belt machine, at least 2 for powerful belt machine.
Cleaning media: rubber strip for normal belt machine, rubber strip or polyurethane for powerful belt machine.
Tail empty section cleaner
Responsible for sweeping the non-working surface in front of the tail of the belt machine.
Quantity: at least 1 set.
Cleaning media: rubber strip for normal belt machine, rubber strip or polyurethane for powerful belt machine.
Installation location: within 5 meters in front of the buffer roller frame at the end of the machine.
What are the reasons for cleaner sweep failure?
Cleaner selection is not right
Cleaner selection should be based on the site working conditions, one can not blindly install cleaners that do not match the working conditions.
According to the structure, the common belt machine cleaner mainly has scraper type, rotary type, water jet type, brush type, etc.; According to the materials mainly have polyester ammonia cleaner, nickel-titanium aluminum alloy, alloy rubber cleaner, etc.; According to the working principle mainly have a mechanical and electric type.
The installation position of the cleaner is not right
The cleaner can be roughly divided into 3 parts: head cleaner, middle cleaner, tail cleaner, their corresponding installation position is different, also has a different division of duties and roles (see part 2: cleaner classification).
Blade head wear
After the cleaner is installed and used for a period of time, due to the frequent friction between the blade head of the cleaner and the belt surface, it is easy to cause the wear of the blade head. After the wear, there will be a gap between the blade head and the belt, which will lead to a poor belt cleaning effect.
We should check the cleaner frequently and find that after the cleaner blade head is worn seriously, we should adjust or replace the blade head in time to ensure its cleaning effect and prevent the belt from returning with the material.
Plugging occurs
Material blockage at the cleaner will cause the deformation of the cleaner, which will also cause the change of the installation angle between the cleaner and the belt, resulting in a poor cleaning effect.
The installation angle between the cleaner and the belt should be measured frequently, and if the angle changes, it should be adjusted in time.
Belt aging
Belt in the running process to be subject to the action of longitudinal tension, with the belt running time will appear aging, its surface will generate small cracks, such cracks in the belt redirection will become a split, the material (especially fine powder material) will enter it, scraper and cleaner are unable to solve.
Length of conveying belt
The longer the conveying belt is, the more unstable the material is, and the easier it is to cause the material to be brought back. Need to control the stability of the material, timely replace of damaged rollers, clean up the crust on the rollers. This can reduce the shaking of the belt and ensure contact between the cleaner and the belt.